Matching Items (8,534)
Filtering by
- Genre: Doctoral Dissertation
Description
Across the tree of life, rotary molecular motors like the F1FO ATP synthase utilize a transmembrane nonequilibrium proton gradient to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the biological energy currency. The catalytic portion of rotary motors, such as the F1 complex from E. coli and the V1 complex from S. cerevisiae, was purified and studied during ATP hydrolysis. Single-molecule assays utilized gold nanorods to investigate the kinetics of the F1-ATPase catalytic dwell, the biophysics of V1-ATPase, and the kinematics of the F1-ATPase power stroke. Observation of oscillatory rotor motion during the F1 catalytic dwell provided new insight as to how energy from ATP binding is stored during its three stages. That motion indicated a ratchet mechanism, in which F1 changed states according to first-order kinetics with a time constant τ = 0.182, showing that Stage-1 represents a pre-hydrolysis state and Stage-2 represents a post-hydrolysis state. F1 was then observed to return to 0° prior to its next power stroke (Stage-3), which explained why the three catalytic dwells remain 120° apart after many revolutions. Analysis of the 120° power stroke following Stage-3 was conducted in both V1 and F1, allowing comparative biology to elucidate defects in the ATPase mechanism, such as ADP inhibition and faltering rotation. It is noteworthy that the V1 rotary positions of ADP release and ATP binding are the opposite of F1, and that less elastic energy is stored in the V1 rotor due to differences in its catch loop. In both rotary ATPases, energy contributed by binding and hydrolysis can dissipate at multiple points. When the F1 catch loop contact between F1 βD305 and γQ269 was mutated, the elastic energy stored in the rotor dissipated dramatically. Dissipation was clearly shown by sustained Phase-1 decelerations, the distribution of ATP-binding dwells, and high-amplitude oscillations in γQ269L. These findings clarify evolutionary similarities and differences between eukaryotic V1, which is exclusively a hydrolase, and F1, which can both hydrolyze and synthesize ATP.
ContributorsBukhari, Zain Aziz (Author) / Frasch, Wayne D (Thesis advisor) / Gaxiola, Roberto A (Committee member) / Presse, Steve (Committee member) / Wideman, Jeremy G (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
The Studio Ghibli animated films have achieved international recognition for their cinematic quality and original soundtracks composed by Joe Hisaishi. The music from these films is so celebrated it is performed by symphony orchestras without the movie animations in concert halls worldwide. Film music originally scored for full-size orchestras can be arranged for smaller chamber ensembles and is a popular genre that makes performing these works more accessible. Arranging and rewriting orchestral reductions are skills collaborative pianists use every day when dealing with concertos or arias, and applying these skills to the music of Hisaishi was the foundation of this research. For this project, I created a medley of musical themes from three Studio Ghibli films: My Neighbor Totoro, Howl’s Moving Castle, and Spirited Away. The medley is written for traditional piano trio: violin, cello, and piano. This paper includes a brief history of the relationship between composer Joe Hisaishi and film director Hayao Miyazaki, one of the founders of Studio Ghibli, and explains the methods of creating this arrangement without access to the original orchestral score. Methods for creating transitions between different film themes, creation of countermelodies, and nuances of voicing are also presented, along with the score of the medley. I hope this project and these methods will inspire other collaborative pianists and musicians to create their own arrangements and medleys.
ContributorsTelling, Emily (Author) / Campbell, Andrew (Thesis advisor) / Aoki, Miki (Committee member) / Reymore, Lindsey (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
How can we understand and pursue sustainability transitions that disrupt everyday practices and social norms? This dissertation finds potential answers to this fundamental sustainability governance question in Arizona utilities’ efforts to legitimate wastewater as a drinking water source. Due to widespread public concern regarding the direct potable reuse of wastewater (DPR), utilities and other stakeholders have developed innovative governance approaches. By offering tastings of DPR water (often in the form of beer), utilities create spaces for deliberation within a traditionally top-down policy planning paradigm, and furthermore, invite feelings—emotions and bodily sensations—into policymaking. This dissertation explores and advances Arizona's emerging transition to deliberative water governance through three distinct investigations. The first of these, an institutional analysis based on interviews with 34 regional stakeholders and observations at 56 water industry meetings, identifies direct experiences with DPR (e.g., tastings) as a pivotal strategy to institutionalize new wastewater practices. The second investigation examines utility-sponsored initiatives to promote DPR and finds that, instead of assuming that consumers behave as rational choice or bounded rationality would predict, water utilities’ use of drinking water tastings reflects a new normative assumption, termed embodied rationality. The third investigation applies embodied rationality in action research with skeptical consumers and reuse industry stakeholders to co-design an exhibit about DPR that engaged more than 1,100 people. Drawing insights from the literatures of embodied and enacted cognition, practice theory, organizational institutionalism, sustainability transitions management, and design research, this dissertation proposes an analytical approach, normative framework, and practical tools for collaboratively addressing real-world sustainability challenges.
ContributorsManheim, Marisa (Author) / White, Dave (Thesis advisor) / Spackman, Christy (Committee member) / Eakin, Hallie (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
This dissertation examines the development of a singular ritual tradition—the “rites of summoning for interrogation” (kaozhao fa考召法)—from its earliest traces during the Han (2nd century CE) to its full-flowering as a ritual specialty by the end of the Tang (618–907) by drawing upon both esoteric Daoist texts as well as anecdotal materials from the period. Practitioners of this tradition, termed “Ritual Masters of Summoning for Interrogation” (kaozhao fashi), identified as constituents of a larger celestial surveillatory bureaucracy and drew upon its authority to cure disease, exorcize spirits, mend rifts in the community, and even determine marriage compatibility. They did so by utilizing a range of ritualistic practices drawn from the earlier Celestial Master (Zhengyi 正一) and Upper Purity (Shangqing 上清) traditions, such as visualizations, incantations, ritualized pacing, and the talismanic arts. Such practices became widespread in the Song dynasty (960–1279) and were broadly adapted by Daoist movements of the period such as the Orthodox Methods of the Celestial Heart (Tianxin zhengfa 天心正法. In Chapter 1, I trace the origins of kaozhao back to the Han, where they—along with similar exorcistic traditions—drew inspiration from the bureaucratic argot and juridical stylings of officialdom. In Chapter 2, I posit a timeline for the development of kaozhao through the examination of ritual registers and situate the practice in context of the ritual landscape of 8th century China. Chapter 3 details the construction of the kaozhao practitioner’s identity, lineage, and history in the pages of a Tang-era ritual manual, the Jinsuo liuzhu yin 金鎖流珠引. This text provides the earliest categorization of kaozhao—dividing it into a binary of “civil” (wen 文) and “martial” (wu 武) practices—the combination of which were required to attain a new form of communal transcendence called “raising the residence” (bazhai 拔宅). Finally, I demonstrate how the kaozhao rite of “patrolling” (xunyou 巡遊), located therein, recast practitioners as celestial equivalents of the itinerant surveillance commissioners of the Tang, broadening their mandate as ritual polymaths.
ContributorsWolf, Lucas A (Author) / Bokenkamp, Stephen R (Thesis advisor) / Ling, Xiaoqiao (Committee member) / Chen, Huaiyu (Committee member) / West, Stephen H (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024